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Pavilions:

A spot to revel in open views

亭：坐观万景

Pavilions are among the most open types of traditional Chinese structures, supported
by just a few pillars and featuring rooftops that can take various forms, such as hexago-
nal, octagonal, or circular. These designs offer expansive views of the natural surround-
ings. Originally, pavilions were not intended for leisure; they were small fortifications
established at border outposts. Over time, their role evolved, becoming integral to Chi-
na’s gardens, providing resting places for visitors.

Terraces:

Stunning vistas in every direction

台：观四方而高

Terraces are elevated, open, and relatively flat structures typically constructed in out-
door settings, often located on high ground or near bodies of water. Early terraces were
lofty earthen platforms primarily used for viewing and ritual purposes, while also serv-
ing recreational and observational roles. Many ancient palaces in China were built atop
terraces, symbolizing imperial power and authority.

Open halls: Complementing the

scenic landscape

榭：点缀山水

Open halls are notable for their airy design, featuring no walls and only wooden railings
for safety. This layout provides a sense of openness while ensuring that visitors can enjoy
the view securely. In ancient times, these structures were built on elevated earth mounds,
allowing people to take in panoramic vistas from above. As the focus of classical Chi-
nese gardens shifted from mountain vistas to riverside enjoyment, by the Han Dynasty
(B.C.202-220), open halls transitioned from relying on earth mounds to becoming elegant
structures situated alongside water. They transformed into ideal retreats for literati to relax,
admire the scenery, and compose poetry while engaging with the surrounding water and fish.

Boathouses: Bridging land and water

舫：向水而生

With a name that suggests a boat, this structure mimics the shape of a vessel yet is firmly
rooted on land. Such buildings not only bring an element of charm but also help create a har-
monious layout between land and water spaces.

Studios: Finding elegance in solitude

斋：幽居中的风雅

Studios are often associated with study rooms. Since ancient times, simplicity and ele-
gance have been essential qualities, ideally situated close to nature and away from the hustle
and bustle. They provide a tranquil sanctuary for scholars to cultivate their minds and reflect.
The central area, often referred to as the “reading zone,” is typically positioned between two
pillars at the heart of the studio. At the back, a concealed space features a screen partition,
behind which are beds and a chess set, allowing for relaxation or a game after a tiring study
session. Natural light is best captured by the windows set against the walls, where a tea table
and two comfortable chairs are arranged for welcoming guests.
The studio serves not only as a serene reading space but also as a gathering point for
scholars to curate ancient artifacts and books, transforming it into a miniature “museum” and
a “mental compass.”